— The accumulation of phosphogypsum (PG) has become a significant environmental and economic challenge, making PG reuse an urgent concern. This study aims to explore the potential of combining PG with steel slag (SS), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and cement clinker (CC) to create excessive-sulfate …
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The Slag Cement Association (SCA) mentions some notable projects using slag cement that are rewarded by induction into a "Hall of Fame" including (i) 7 World Trade Center, Manhattan, NY (completed in 2006), where the inside concrete core was made with a 40% slag cement mix; (ii) Delaware Route 1 (completed in 2004) where 82 km (51 miles) of ...
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The guide covers information on slag cement chemical properties and product types, storage, handling, batching, proportioning, and the effects on properties of fresh and …
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— effect of slag cement on concrete resistance against combined exposure to freeze-thaw and chloride ingress December 2021 Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 16(6):4687-4706
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Hardened concrete containing slag cement may show mottled green or blue green areas on the surface in the first few days after placement. This temporary condition is commonly …
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Supplementary cementing materials. Daman K. Panesar, in Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete (Second Edition), 2019 3.1.2 Slag cement. Slag cement is a by-product from blast furnaces that are used to make iron. Blast furnaces operate at a temperature of approximately 1500°C to melt iron oxide, coke, and fluxing …
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— 1 Introduction. Recently, researches have been concerned with the implementation of environment-friendly construction materials. For instance, cement …
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Slag cement will slow the set time of concrete to a greater degree than straight portland cement mixtures. The amount of slag cement used as a replacement for portland …
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However, in the 1950s, slag cement became available in other countries as a separate product. The first granulation facility in the U.S. to make a separate slag cement product was Sparrows Point, Maryland, in the …
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— This work assesses the long-term durability of alkali-activated alternative binders, namely slag, as compared to regular Portland Cement in concrete under Alkali-silica reaction conditions. Six mix designs were chosen for this study, two using Portland Cement as the binder, and four with slag as the alkali-activated precursor.
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— Concrete is the most widely used material in construction. It has the characteristics of strong plasticity, good economy, high safety, and good durability. As a kind of structural material, concrete must have sufficient strength to resist various loads. At the same time, due to the brittleness of concrete, compressive strength is the most …
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— A. Bandopadhyay, T.C.Alex, B.R. Kumar, Mechanical activation of granulated blast furnace slag and its effect on the properties and structure of Portland slag cement, Cement and concrete composites. 8 (2008) 679௅685. [11] I.B. Topcu, High-volume ground granulated blast furnace slag concrete, Eco-Efficient concrete. (2013) …
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This effect with slag cement is due to its influence on paste characteris-tics and absorption. With fly ash, this is ... Time of Set. Time of initial set is influ-enced by the use of slag cement and fly ash. Concrete made with slag cement can have faster set times than concrete made with fly ash (Figure 2).
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The effect of a partial replacement of cement with slag cement on free shrinkage is evaluated for curing periods between 3 and 28 days. Mixtures include concrete containing different replacement levels of slag cement (30, 60, and 80% by volume) cast with limestone, granite, or quartzite coarse aggregate.
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Concrete containing slag cement in excess of 25% replacement dosage generally has noticeably slower set times than ordinary portland cement concrete. Time of set is …
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— The set of alkali-activated slag cement (AASC) and concrete and the measures for set-retarding were reviewed. Due to the fast set of high and super high strength alkali-activated slag cement and ...
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Cement is a key ingredient of concrete, typically making up 10 to 15 percent of the concrete mix by volume. Portland cement and portland-limestone cement are the most common types of cement used in concrete. In concrete, a paste made of cement and water is mixed with aggregates (sand, gravel, or crushed stone).
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— The effect of a partial replacement of cement with slag cement on free shrinkage is evaluated for curing periods between 3 and 28 days. Mixtures include concrete containing different replacement ...
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— In this study, the effect of curing temperature on the properties of slag cement concrete after high-temperature exposure was studied, and elevated curing temperature (45 ± 2 °C and 95% relative humidity (RH)) was selected to compare with the standard curing temperature (20 ± 2 °C and 95%RH). Four different concrete mixes with …
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In concrete, PLC also performs well with slag or fly ash at normal replacement levels. In many cases, Type IL+SCM perform better at early age than Type I+SCM, due to …
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By and large, compressive strength of slag concrete gradually increases from 1-5 days and lower than that of concrete without slag, but slag concrete strength matches strength of controlled concrete from 7-28 …
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— The results of the leaching tests of concrete mixtures with slag are similar to the results of traditional concrete. Therefore, slag encapsulation into the concrete seems to be a good strategy to manage this waste product, instead of it being deposited in landfills where it will pollute the environment by leaching.
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— 1. Introduction. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) or in a more specific form ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHFRC) is a cementitious composite with superb mechanical and durability properties compared with ordinary concrete [1], [2].UHPC is characterized by a very low water-binder (w/b) ratio (0.16–0.20 …
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Slag Cement's Effect On Concrete Typical replacement values Effects on compressive strength Reducing permeability Sulfate attack Mitigation Slag Cement and ... Set Time – Compressive Strength PC, PLC and Slag Cement 0. 50. 100. 150. 200. 250. 300. 350. 0. 1000. 2000. 3000. 4000. 5000. 6000. 7000. PC Type I. PLC Type. IL(10) PC 30% Slag.
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Water. You can use almost any natural water that is drinkable and has no pronounced taste or odor as mixing water for concrete. Excessive impurities in mixing water can affect setting time and concrete strength, and can also cause efflorescence, staining, corrosion of reinforcement, volume instability, and reduced durability.
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— Cements and GGBFS major composition was established by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) with a Bruker S4 Explorer spectrometer, on fused beads. Data were recovered and processed with the SpectraPlus software (Table 1).GGBFS has usually noticeable amounts of sulfur, usually between 0.2 and 3.5 wt.%, mostly under reduced …
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The American Concrete Institute (ACI) is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development and distribution of consensus-based standards, technical resources, educational programs, certification programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design, construction, and materials, who share a …
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— In some studies, it has been demonstrated that using a composite mineral admixture known as ground-granulated blast-furnace slag-steel slag composite binder can increase the fluidity of fresh concrete, lengthen the cement's setting time, improve the pore structure of hardened paste and create concrete with a satisfactory compressive strength .
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— Accordingly, a curing time of seven days could be established as a threshold level to set a minimum curing time for mortar with a content of ground granulated blast-furnace slag higher than 28%; whereas a curing time of three days could be enough for cement-based materials with less than 28% blast-furnace slag [7].
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Final Setting Time is defined as the period elapsing between the time when water is added to cement and the time at which the needle of 1 mm square section with 5 mm diameter attachment makes an impression on the test block . 600 minutes is the maximum time specified for the final set for all the above mentioned Portland cements.
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